System Engineering Phases Matrix

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Applications of Methods to Systems Engineering Phases:
Black denotes high method/phase applicability, gray denotes medium applicability, and white denotes low or no applicability

Method

Concept Definition

Requirements Analysis

Function Analysis

Function Allocation

Task Design

Interface and Team Development

Performance, Workload, and Training Estimation

Requirements Review

Personnel Selection

Training Development

Performance Assurance

Problem Investigation

Cognitive
Task
Analysis

I.A.1

Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA)

I.A.2

Critical Decision Method (CDM)

I.A.3

PARI Method

I.A.4

Skill-Based CTA Framework

I.A.5

Decompose, Network, and Asses (DNA) Method

I.A.6

Task-Knowledge Structures (TKS)

I.A.7

Goal-Directed Task Analysis (GDTA)

I.A.8

Cognitive Function Model (CFM)

I.A.9

Cognitively Oriented Task Analysis (COTA)

I.A.10

Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

I.A.11

Interacting Cognitive Subsystems (ICS)

I.A.12

Knowledge Analysis and Documentation System (KADS)

I.A.13

Team CTA Techniques

Method

Concept Definition

Requirements Analysis

Function Analysis

Function Allocation

Task Design

Interface and Team Development

Performance, Workload, and Training Estimation

Requirements Review

Personnel Selection

Training Development

Performance Assurance

Problem Investigation

Knowledge Elicitation

I.B.1

Unstructured Interviews

I.B.2

Structured Interviews

I.B.3

I.B.4

I.B.5

I.B.6

I.B.7

Field Observations/Ethnographic Methods

I.B.8

Twenty Questions

I.B.9

Discourse/Conversation/Interaction Analysis

I.B.10

Activity Sampling

I.B.11

Think-Aloud Problem-Solving/Protocol Analysis

I.B.12

Retrospective/Aided Recall

I.B.13

Interruption Analysis

I.B.14

Shadowing Another

I.B.15

Shadowing Self

I.B.16

Simulators/Mockups

I.B.17

Exploratory Sequential Data Analysis (ESDA)

I.B.18

Minimal Scenario Technique

I.B.19

Critical Incident Technique (CIT)

I.B.20

Cloze Technique

I.B.21

Critiquing

I.B.22

Crystal Ball/Stumbling Block Technique

I.B.23

Table-Top Analysis

I.B.24

Wizard of Oz Technique

I.B.25

Decision Analysis

I.B.26

Rating and Sorting Tasks

I.B.27

Magnitude Estimation

I.B.28

Repertory Grid Technique

I.B.29

I.B.30

I.B.31

I.B.32

I.B.33

Multidimensional Scaling (MDS)

I.B.34

Likert Scale Elicitation

I.B.35

Structural Analysis Technique

I.B.36

Conceptual Graph Construction

I.B.37

Diagramming

I.B.38

Laddering

I.B.39

Influence Diagram Construction

Method

Concept Definition

Requirements Analysis

Function Analysis

Function Allocation

Task Design

Interface and Team Development

Performance, Workload, and Training Estimation

Requirements Review

Personnel Selection

Training Development

Performance Assurance

Problem Investigation

Computational Cognitive
Modeling

I.C.1

Keystroke Level Model (KLM)

I.C.2

CMN-GOMS (Card Moran Newell GOMS)

I.C.3

NGOMSL (Natural GOMS Language)

I.C.4

CAT (Cognitive Analysis Tool)

I.C.5

COGNET

I.C.6

COGENT

I.C.7

ACT-R (Atomic Component of Thought - Rational)

I.C.8

Soar

I.C.9

EPIC (Executive-Process Interactive Control)

I.C.10

Apex

I.C.11

MIDAS (Man Machine Integrated Design and Analysis System)

I.C.12

SAMPLE (Situation Awareness Model for Pilot-in-the-Loop Evaluation)

I.C.13

OMAR (Operator Model ARchitecture)

Method

Concept Definition

Requirements Analysis

Function Analysis

Function Allocation

Task Design

Interface and Team Development

Performance, Workload, and Training Estimation

Requirements Review

Personnel Selection

Training Development

Performance Assurance

Problem Investigation

Task
Analysis

II.A.1

Behavioral Task Analysis

II.A.2

Operational Sequence Diagrams

II.A.3

Timeline Analysis

II.A.4

Operator Function Model (OFM)

II.A.5

Link Analysis

Computational
Task
Simulation

II.B.1

IMPRINT (Improved Performance Research Integration Tool)

II.B.2

CART (Combat Automation Requirements Testbed)

II.B.3

Micro Saint (System Analysis of Integrated Network of Tasks)

II.B.4

WinCrew

II.B.5

IPME (Integrated Performance Modeling Environment)

System
Evaluation
Methods

III.A.1

Heuristic Evaluation

III.A.2

Walk-throughs/Cognitive Walk-throughs/Talk-throughs

III.A.3

Formal Usability Studies

III.A.4

Rapid Prototyping

III.A.5

Storyboarding

III.A.6

Interface Evaluation Surveys

III.A.7

Ergonomics Checklists

III.A.8

Contextual Inquiry

Descriptive Approaches

III.B.1

Activity Theory

III.B.2

Situated Cognition

III.B.3

Distributed Cognition

III.B.4

Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM)

Method

Concept Definition

Requirements Analysis

Function Analysis

Function Allocation

Task Design

Interface and Team Development

Performance, Workload, and Training Estimation

Requirements Review

Personnel Selection

Training Development

Performance Assurance

Problem Investigation

Human
Reliability
Analysis

IV.1

Event Tree Analysis

IV.2

Fault Tree Analysis

IV.3

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

IV.4

Barrier Analysis

IV.5

Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP)

IV.6

Management Oversight Risk Tree (MORT)