Kirwan, B. & Ainsworth, L. K. A Guide to Task Analysis. London: Taylor and Francis, 1992. A text book of various task analysis techniques and their use in the systems engineering process.

Kieras, D. E. Task Analysis and the Design of Functionality. In CRC Handbook of Computer Science and Engineering. CRC Press Inc. A survey of Task Analysis methods and their application in the design process.  [View or Download: From Source / Local Copy]

Lewis, C. & Rieman, J. Task-Centered User Interface Design.  [View or Download: From Source]

Dugger, M., Parker, C., Winters, J., & Lackie, J. Systems Engineering Task Analysis: Operational Sequence Diagrams (OSDs). Office of Naval Research, SC-21 Science and Technology Manning Affordability Initiative (September 1999). Operation Sequence Diagrams are used to model the systems engineering process.   [View or Download: From Source / Local Copy]

Kirwan, B. & Ainsworth, L. K. A Guide to Task Analysis. London: Taylor and Francis, 1992. A text book of various task analysis techniques and their use in the systems engineering process.

Stammers, R. B., Carey, M. S. & Astley, J. A. (1990). Task analysis. In J. R. Wilson and E. N. Corlett (Eds.), Evaluation of Human Work: A Practical Ergonomics Methodology (pp. 134-160). London: Taylor & Francis.

Kirwan, B. & Ainsworth, L. K. A Guide to Task Analysis. London: Taylor and Francis, 1992. A text book of various task analysis techniques and their use in the systems engineering process.

Chu, R. W., Mitchell, C. M., & Jones, P.M. "Using the operator function model/OFMspert as the basis for an intelligent tutoring system: Towards a tutor-aid paradigm for operators for supervisory control systems." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Vol 25.7 (1995).

Degani, A., Mitchell, C. R., & Chappell, A. R. Task Models to Guide Analysis: Use of the Operator Function Model to Represent Mode Transitions. Georgia Institute of Technology. Describes an application of the OFM.   [View or Download: From Source / Local Copy]

Kirwan, B. & Ainsworth, L. K. A Guide to Task Analysis. London: Taylor and Francis, 1992. A text book of various task analysis techniques and their use in the systems engineering process.

Mitchell, C. M. Model-Based Design of Human Interaction with Complex Systems. Georgia Institute of Technology. Describes the OFM.   [View or Download: From Source / Local Copy]

Rubin, K. S., Jones, P. M. & Mitchell C. M. "OFMspert: Inference of operator intentions in supervisory control using a blackboard architecture." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Vol 18.4 (1988): 618-637. Describes OFMspert, the computer implementation of an OFM.

Hendy, K. C., Edwards, J. L., & Beevis, D. Analysing Advanced Concepts for Operations Room Layouts. University of Toronto (1999). Describes a software tool called LOCATE, which aids in conducting a more advanced form of link analysis.   [View or Download: From Source / Local Copy]

Kirwan, B. & Ainsworth, L. K. A Guide to Task Analysis. London: Taylor and Francis, 1992. A text book of various task analysis techniques and their use in the systems engineering process.

IMPRINT Home Page. 

Kelley, T. & Allender, L. A Process Approach to Usability Testing for IMPRINT. Army Research Laboratory (October 1996). The use of IMPRINT to evaluate user-interface prototypes is explored.   [View or Download: From Source / Local Copy]

Mitchell, D. K. Mental Workload and ARL Workload Modeling Tools. Army Research Laboratory, Report No ARL-TN-161 (April 2000). Provides an overview of mental workload theory and measurement, as well as the development and validation of IMPRINT and WinCrew.   [View or Download:  Local Copy]

Brett, B. E., Doyal, J. A., Malek, D. A., Martin, E. A., & Hoagland, D. G. The Combat Automation Requirements Testbed (CART) Task 1 Final Report: Implementation Concepts and an Example. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH (January 2000). Describes modeling using CART, the use of CART to generate crew system performance requirements, and the costs and benefits of using CART.   [View or Download:  Local Copy]

Brett, B. E., Doyal, J. A., Malek, D. A., Martin, E. A., Hoagland, D. G., & Anesgart, M. N. The Combat Automation Requirements Testbed (CART) Task 5 Interim Report: Modeling a Strike Fighter Pilot Conducting a Time Critical Target Mission. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. (January 2002). CART is used to model of a fighter pilot in a TCT mission.   [View or Download: Local Copy]

Carretta, T. R., Doyal, J. A., & Craig, K. A. Combat Automation Requirements Testbed (CART): An Example Application. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH (August 2001). The usability and utility of the CART software is assessed.   [View or Download:  Local Copy]

Micro Saint Home Page. 

See, J. E. & Vidulich, M. A. Computer Modeling of Operator Mental Workload During Target Acquisition: An Assessment of Predictive Validity. U.S. Air Force Armstrong Laboratory, Report No. AL/CF-TR-1997-0018 (January 1997). The predictive validity of a Micro Saint computer simulation modeling operators’ mental workload and situation awareness during a target acquisition missions was assessed.   [View or Download:  Local Copy]

See, J. E. & Vidulich, M. A. Operator Workload in the F-15E: A Comparison of TAWL and Micro Saint Computer Simulation. U.S. Air Force Armstrong Laboratory, Report No. AL/CF-TR-1997-0017 (January 1997). TAWL (Task Analysis / Workload) and Micro Saint simulations of a target acquisition mission are compared.   [View or Download:  Local Copy]

WinCrew Home Page. 

Mitchell, D. K. Mental Workload and ARL Workload Modeling Tools. Army Research Laboratory, Report No ARL-TN-161 (April 2000). Provides an overview of mental workload theory and measurement, as well as the development and validation of IMPRINT and WinCrew.   [View or Download:  Local Copy]

IPME Home Page. 

McNeese, M. D. & Vidulich, M. A., Eds. Cognitive Systems Engineering in Military Aviation Environments: Avoiding Cogminutia Fragmentosa! Human Systems Information Analysis Center (2002). Includes a chapters on a Perceptual Control Theory based approach to systems design which utilizes IPME as a modeling framework.   [View or Download: From Source / Local Copy]